Azesept

Indications

Azathioprine is used for the following medical conditions:

• Organ Transplantation: To prevent rejection of transplanted kidneys, liver, heart, or other organs.
• Autoimmune Disorders:
• Rheumatoid arthritis (in cases unresponsive to other treatments).
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
• Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
• Autoimmune hepatitis.
• Other Immunological Conditions: To treat other conditions where the immune system is overactive.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of Azathioprine depends on the condition being treated, patient age, and weight. The 50 mg tablet is typically administered orally.

Adult Dosage:

- Transplantation: Initial dose of 3-5 mg/kg body weight per day. This may be adjusted based on the patient's clinical response.

- Rheumatoid Arthritis: 1-3 mg/kg body weight per day.

- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Typically 1-2.5 mg/kg body weight per day.

- Other autoimmune conditions: The dose varies depending on the severity and response.

Maintenance dose: Once the acute condition has been controlled, the dose is usually reduced to a lower maintenance dose, often between 1-2 mg/kg per day.

Pediatric Dosage:The pediatric dose will be calculated based on the weight of the child, typically around 2-3 mg/kg body weight per day for conditions like kidney transplant and autoimmune diseases.

Administration: Azathioprine tablets should be taken with a full glass of water, preferably after meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

Precautions

Pregnancy: Azathioprine can be harmful to the fetus. It should be used during pregnancy only if absolutely necessary and under the supervision of a healthcare provider. Alternative medications are generally recommended for pregnant women.

Lactation: Azathioprine is excreted in breast milk. It should be avoided during breastfeeding unless the benefits outweigh the potential risks.

Infections: As Azathioprine suppresses the immune system, it increases the risk of infections, including opportunistic infections. Regular monitoring for signs of infection is crucial.

Bone Marrow Suppression: Azathioprine can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Blood counts should be monitored regularly.

Liver Function: Azathioprine may affect liver function. Liver enzymes should be monitored periodically during treatment.

Renal Function: Caution is needed when administering Azathioprine to patients with kidney impairment. Dosage adjustments may be required.

Drug Interactions: Azathioprine may interact with other medications, including allopurinol, ACE inhibitors, and warfarin. Co-administration with these drugs requires careful monitoring and potential dose adjustment.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, especially during the initial phase of treatment. These effects may be reduced by taking the drug with food.

Cancer Risk: Long-term use of Azathioprine has been associated with an increased risk of developing certain cancers, particularly lymphomas and skin cancers.